ents
From Deanna McBroom to All Panelists:  05:25 PM
Neal mentioned they are not requiring testing for the band before performances at this time.
From Charles Barrett to Everyone:  05:27 PM
Have there been any Peer reviewed aerosol studies?
From H. Steven Sims to All Panelists:  05:32 PM
Given the disproportionate affect of COVID in the African-American community, have churches been studied and/or gospel singers?
From Ryan Sullivan to All Panelists:  05:34 PM
This is a scenario from a lab. How drastically does airflow in a live room with HVAC affect the distance of aerosol travel?
From Eva Christensen to All Panelists:  05:34 PM
At what distance are you measuring the particles?
From Marsha Lawrence to All Panelists:  05:34 PM
What type of mask was used? Was this an N95?
From Deanna McBroom to All Panelists:  05:35 PM
For the ongoing CO/MD study, there were to be a singer in classical style, musical theater, 2 children, and a senior adult singer (similar to a church choir singer). Data collection is still ongoing at this point.
From Paul Davis to All Panelists:  05:36 PM
Does the fan not severely affect the quality of the sound produced by the singer?
From Rose Grace to All Panelists:  05:37 PM
In order to be effective, does the aerosol system need to be going through central air or can individual, self-standing units be just as safe to filter out the Ari in enclosed spaces?
From Eva Christensen to All Panelists:  05:37 PM
Does the fan affect the sound? A ceiling fan noticeably chops my acoustic guitar playing.
From Anne Milochik to All Panelists:  05:38 PM
how well would your proposed mechanical / physical adaptations work in a staged opera?  BTW - I think you are underestimating the creativity and musical savvy of engineers.
From Mark Almond to All Panelists:  05:39 PM
What is the optimal material for a bell cover?
From Emily Macaluso to Everyone:  05:39 PM
Will this slide deck be shared with all attendees after?
From David Pell to All Panelists:  05:39 PM
Would HEPA filters near singers in a practice/classroom work in a similar way to the FFS in the lab?
From Deanna McBroom to All Panelists:  05:41 PM
The webinar is being recorded and will be posted on the PAMA website - artsmed.org
From Corey Ragan to All Panelists:  05:41 PM
Does the mask in this study have to be an N95 mask?
From Charles Barrett to Everyone:  05:41 PM
Any Brass and Bell Covers
From Ralph Manchester to All Panelists:  05:42 PM
I believe all of the masks used in these studies were regular surgical masks.
From randall dick to All Panelists:  05:43 PM
if all 7 singers tested negative before singing, but one in fact had COVID would we expect the CONCENTRATION of the COVID particles to be less than one who tests positive/has symptoms.  Think that is also important to factor in.
From Eva Christensen to All Panelists:  05:43 PM
Do the clarinet players use just bell covers, or complete instrument covers to shield the keys, and /or adjusted masks with holes? This 3 “mask” system is advocated at area schools. Any data on this?
From Rose Grace to All Panelists:  05:43 PM
Can you please comment on the proper use of instrument masks - those with vs without flaps, etc.
From Charles Barrett to Everyone:  05:43 PM
Does layering of the Bell Covers make a difference?
From Meg Schneider to All Panelists:  05:43 PM
have you looked at shields for singers?
From Kyra Zhang to All Panelists:  05:44 PM
Were the clarinetists tested with masks (with hole for mouthpiece) and bell covers, or just bell covers?
From Ryan Sullivan to All Panelists:  05:44 PM
Thank you. My question was answered.
From Cheryl to All Panelists:  05:44 PM
Is that the ideal circulation pattern, with new air from below at one side, and then used air being expelled into vents above?
From sallygalloway to All Panelists:  05:44 PM
Did you say both mask AND bell covers reduced the infection risk by 56%+ or bell cover only?
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  05:44 PM
We will also post the chat section on the PAMA Website with all of these great questions and will try to answer all of those as a resource.
From Paul Davis to All Panelists:  05:44 PM
Did the clarinet wear a mask and use a bell cover, or just the bell cover?
From Benjamin Tuchman to All Panelists:  05:45 PM
With regard to the clarinet: did you look into wearing mask with bell covers or was the study only with bell covers without mask wearing?
From Cheryl to All Panelists:  05:45 PM
have there been studies with amateur singers and instrumentalists as well as professionals?
From Natalia Avella to All Panelists:  05:45 PM
It would be great if tests could include flute players, since they actually release more air while playing
From Eva Christensen to All Panelists:  05:45 PM
*re: clarinet masks. “Adjusted mask” means standard mask for mouth with a hole to blow through the instrument.
From H. Steven Sims to All Panelists:  05:46 PM
Thank you for this essential work
From Ryan Sullivan to All Panelists:  05:47 PM
Anecdotally, there have definitely been cases of transmission from music ensemble classrooms.
From Cho Wang to All Panelists:  05:48 PM
And how many singers in the room would be recommended? 
From Leah McKinnon-Howe to All Panelists:  05:48 PM
we have had questions arise about the utility of using face shields in certain wind instruments (like alto flutes) who have more difficulty using slit in a face mask.
From Cathy to All Panelists:  05:48 PM
My expectation of using the fan is that it might "cut up" the sound and possibly make it difficult for an ensemble to tune
From Eva Christensen to All Panelists:  05:48 PM
Do you have data on face shields instead of masks for vocalists?
From sallygalloway to Everyone:  05:49 PM
Were the fans meant to move the exhaled air and virulent particles up and faster to the intake system?
From Cathy to All Panelists:  05:49 PM
for the clarinet, what is more important: the mask with the slit, or the bell cover?
From Kyra Zhang to All Panelists:  05:49 PM
We have been told by public health experts not to touch the outside of a mask that you are wearing.  Is there any concern about contaminating the mouthpiece of a wind or brass instrument as you pass through a mask opening and what is the best way to minimize this?
From Benjamin Tuchman to All Panelists:  05:49 PM
Did you record or notice a “muffling” of amplitude for both the singer and clarinetist while wearing the mask and bell cover (for the clarinetist)?
From Allen Henderson to Everyone:  05:49 PM
For laypersons we are seeing all kinds of videos suing just airflow, or infrared, or Schleren.  Help us understand which kind are best fo us to pay attention to?  We have all seen some that end up being shared as if they are telling us great things about COVID but when you dig they are telling very little
From Thomas Dasilva to All Panelists:  05:51 PM
You haven't mentioned anything about an audience? Would you space an audience in a certain way in an average concert hall?
From David Pell to All Panelists:  05:52 PM
Where I live there is a governmental requirement that brass and wind players are required to be separated by plexiglass or an impermeable barrier of indeterminate height and width. Is there evidence that this reduces aerosol spread between performers?
From Julie Massaro to Natalia Avella, All Panelists:  05:52 PM
So sorry - I had you in the wrong area - hopefully you can still hear and see ok…
From Suzette Madson to All Panelists:  05:52 PM
Any precautions for the performer using mask and or bell cover in terms of restrictions of air away from the musician?
From Charles Barrett to Everyone:  05:53 PM
Have you seen the Amsterdam video on distancing of musicians?  They are on YouTube.
From Ralph Manchester to All Panelists:  05:58 PM
No evidence on Plexiglas barriers between musicians that I have seen.
From Julie Massaro to All Panelists:  06:02 PM
Will anyone discuss plexiglass as a proctective device?
From Rose Grace to All Panelists:  06:02 PM
How do you address testing reliability? I have now witnessed several instances where a student tested negative on their first test, was asymptomatic, and 6-7 days later, tested again and received a positive result.  How do you practically deal with scenario where during the 6-7 days after testing negative this person had already exposed/infected other people unknowingly?
From Ralph Manchester to All Panelists:  06:03 PM
Depends on testing method, but there is no absolute guarantee.
From Benjamin Tuchman to All Panelists:  06:05 PM
Have you identified measure that abide by current COVID guidelines that 1) we should have been doing all along, and 2) now that they are current procedure, will they continue moving forward in the post-COVID future?
From Charles Barrett to Everyone:  06:05 PM
Is there any instructions re: Pit Orchestras?
From Don Risser L.Ac. to All Panelists:  06:07 PM
What is considered best practices for horn players to release spit valves?
From Ralph Manchester to All Panelists:  06:08 PM
See PAMA guidelines: http://www.artsmed.org/sites/default/files/files/pama_covid-19_musician-instrumental_guidelines_9-29-20_0.pdf 
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  06:10 PM
Resource from Alan Henderson
From Deanna McBroom to All Panelists:  06:10 PM
The risk assessments are also on the COIVD-19 Resource List on the nats.org COVID-19 page.
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  06:11 PM
http://testyourself.psychtests.com/testid/2122
From Lucy Schnallinger to All Panelists:  06:12 PM
What are the protocols for when singers are warming up right before performance? Mask with more then 6 feet backstage?
From Rose Grace to All Panelists:  06:13 PM
Any specific recommendations for localized filtration systems that are particularly effective?
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  06:26 PM
Here are the  resource links from Allen Henderson’s presentation:
Risk Tolerance
https://testyourself.psychtests.com/testid/2122
 
Mask Testing
http://jv.colostate.edu/masktesting/
Mask Webinar
https://youtu.be/lxzznIsXU9w
 
 
Georgia Tech Event Risk Assessment Tool
https://covid19risk.biosci.gatech.edu/
 
 
Colorado Aerosol Transmission Estimator
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/16K1OQkLD4BjgBdO8ePj6ytf-RpPMlJ6aXFg3PrIQBbQ/edit#gid=519189277
Allows you to enter parameters of your space and estimate 
 
Harvard-CU Boulder Portable Air Cleaner Calculator for Schools
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1NEhk1IEdbEi_b3wa6gI_zNs8uBJjlSS-86d4b7bW098/edit#gid=1882881703
 
 
COVID survey
https://www.nats.org/cgi/page.cgi/_article.html/What_s_New/NATS_launches_survey_of_singing_teachers_who_have_contracted_COVID-19
From randall dick to All Panelists:  06:31 PM
Full exchange of cabin air with
fresh, outdoor air and HEPA filtered
air every 2-3 minutes.  on the SOUTHWEST AIRLINES website   I think most airlines have pretty exceptional air exchange
From Julie Massaro to All Panelists:  06:31 PM
In Q & A - Has layering of Bell Covers been tested for efficiency?
From Ralph Manchester to Everyone:  06:32 PM
PAMA guidelines
http://www.artsmed.org/resources-for-artists-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic-and-beyond#resources
From Cheryl to All Panelists:  06:36 PM
Woodwind instruments have more than one air exit.  Are the “bell covers” you mention for clarinet etc. including the rest of the holes too, more like an instrument bag than a bell cover?
From Joanna White to All Panelists:  06:40 PM
I hope he will talk about flute. Thanks!
Thanks! And mitigation for flute necessary?
From Cheryl to All Panelists:  06:40 PM
Thanks for explaining about the woodwinds and flute, instead of just skipping the topic because it isn’t a problem.
From Cheryl to All Panelists:  06:40 PM
what about beginners or amateurs who release more saliva as they play
From Deanna McBroom to All Panelists:  06:41 PM
Can you speculate about bagpipes?
From Charles Barrett to All Panelists:  06:41 PM
Can Bluetooth technology be used behind a Bell Cover?
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  06:44 PM
Here is the PAMA resource Ralph mentioned:
http://www.artsmed.org/resources-for-artists-during-the-coronavirus-pandemic-and-beyond#resources
From Benjamin Tuchman to All Panelists:  06:45 PM
Do you ever question the reliability of the “honor system” symptom check?
From Charles Barrett to All Panelists:  06:45 PM
What about treatments and income support for when they test positive.
From Julie Massaro to All Panelists:  06:47 PM
In Q & A: Do the bends and curves in say trombones, trumpets and tubas stop some of the aerosol flow.?
In Q& A: When sound waves are impeded can Bluetooth mic be put behind Bell Covers. For James Weaver and Jelena Srebic. Thanks
From Lucy Schnallinger to All Panelists:  06:48 PM
Anything with Dancers and protocols?
From Allen Henderson to Everyone:  06:49 PM
@Lucy coming next :)
From Deanna McBroom to All Panelists:  06:52 PM
in Q&A, Can someone please recommend a source from which to purchase a trumpet bell cover? Also please specify the appropriate material and thickness.
From Eva Christensen to All Panelists:  06:58 PM
Bravo!
From sallygalloway to All Panelists:  06:59 PM
Can someone please recommend a source from which to purchase a trumpet bell cover? Also please specify the appropriate material and thickness. Thank you.
From markseton to All Panelists:  07:01 PM
Thanks everyone - I’ll have to go to my next class - it’s been a wonderful session.
From Jeremy Thomas to All Panelists:  07:01 PM
how many horns in the sections that you’ve been working with recently? do you al few comfortable, or is there some tension regarding health safety in performance. are you all spacing?
From RL Read to All Panelists:  07:01 PM
wow - a JC believer leading the discussion!  Wild!
From Jeremy Thomas to All Panelists:  07:02 PM
“Do you [all feel] comfortable...”
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  07:08 PM
Preview of up next - Dance considerations and COVID
Thank you to all of our artists tonight - amazing information and shared thoughts!
A reminder that all slides from each presenter whether they shared or not tonight will be posted on the PAMA website after the webinar as a resource for you.
From H. Steven Sims to All Panelists:  07:08 PM
Dr. Hrubes!
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  07:14 PM
We are honored with our wonderful speakers in the dance section, they are Dr. Melody Hrubes, Dr. Lauren Elson.  Heather Southwick, PT for the Boston Ballet, Johanna Keppler, professional dancer, and Madelyn Ho, Professional dancer with Paul Taylor Dance Company
From Johanna Kepler to Everyone:  07:21 PM
https://www.thepoweroftheperformingarts.com
From Emily Macaluso to All Panelists:  07:23 PM
Hello from the Harris Theater in Chicago Johanna!
From Madelyn Ho to Everyone:  07:24 PM
Virtual Paul Taylor Dance Company performance: http://www.ptamd.nyc/donate/benefit/
From Lauren Elson, MD to All Panelists:  07:27 PM
https://www.danceusa.org/informational-papers
From Tom Welsh to All Panelists:  07:28 PM
How do you manage the (30-mn) duration limitations of time in the same space followed by time to clear the air?
From Lucy Schnallinger to All Panelists:  07:29 PM
Are there emotional support resources for the dancers and all others in the entertainment industry through PAMA?
From Don Risser L.Ac. to All Panelists:  07:30 PM
Thank you PAMA, this was an excellent dissemination of great advice and information!
From Rick Guzik to All Panelists:  07:30 PM
This was great thanks ALL!
From RL Read to All Panelists:  07:30 PM
It's been great!  I had a class that went long - is there a recording?
From Suzette Madson to All Panelists:  07:30 PM
Thank you all so much, stay well and take good care
From RL Read to All Panelists:  07:31 PM
I came in just as Skip was wrapping up
From Julie Massaro to Everyone:  07:31 PM
Thank you all - this will be posted on PAMA website www.artsmed.org
From Deanna McBroom to All Panelists:  07:31 PM
Learn more about PAMA at artsmed.org.
From Leslie Harrington to All Panelists:  07:31 PM
this has been wonderful, thank you!